Instruments by Science Group

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B16 Test Beamline

This is a flexible and versatile beamline for testing new developments in optics and detector technology and for trialling new experimental techniques. The beamline provides both white and monochromatic X-rays in several operational modes.

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Energy: 4 - 45 keV
Imaging X-ray Diffraction Microscopy Topography XRR: X-ray Reflectivity

I11 High Resolution Powder Diffraction

I11 is a high resolution powder diffraction beamline for structural crystallography using an undulator source. This beamline specialises in investigating the structure of complex materials, including metal-organic frameworks, high temperature superconductors, ceramics, alloys, zeolites and minerals under non-ambient, time-resolved, and long duration conditions.

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Wavelength: 0.5-2.1 Å
Energy: 6-25 (30*) keV - optimised at 15 keV
In situ X-ray Diffraction Gas Environments X-ray Powder Diffraction Humidity Control

I15-1 XPDF: X-ray Pair Distribution Function

XPDF (I15-1) is a dedicated X-ray Pair Distribution Function beamline. The pair distribution function allows researchers in fields as diverse as materials chemistry; solid-state physics; earth science; and pharmaceuticals to gain insight into the local structure of crystalline, amorphous, and liquid materials both ex situ and in situ.

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Wavelength: 0.31, 0.19, 0.16 Å
Energy: 40, 65, 76 keV
In situ X-ray Powder Diffraction PDF: Pair Distribution Function Scattering

I19 Small Molecule Single Crystal Diffraction

I19 is a high-flux tunable-wavelength facility for the study of small-molecule systems by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The beamline supports a variety of techniques to allow the structural change of systems to be mapped under the influence of an external effect (such as pressure, temperature, photoexcitation or gas exchange).

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Wavelength: 0.5 - 2.5 Å
Energy: 5 - 25 keV
Small Molecule Diffraction High Pressure Gas Environments X-ray Single Crystal Diffraction Humidity Control In situ Remote Access

I15 Extreme Conditions

I15, the extreme conditions beamline, is a high energy diffraction and scattering beamline used to explore planetary interior conditions, as well as other experiments requiring high pressures and non-ambient temperatures.

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Wavelength: 0.620-0.155 Å
Energy: 20-80 keV
X-ray Powder Diffraction PDF: Pair Distribution Function In situ Scattering Small Molecule Diffraction X-ray Diffraction High Pressure

I22 Multipurpose SAXS/WAXS

I22 is a multifunction SAXS/WAXS beamline for the physical and life sciences. Small-angle scattering provides essential information on the structure and dynamics of large molecular assemblies in low ordered environments. Working in both transmission and grazing incidence with full and microfocus beam I22 provides a working platform for studying the full range of soft matter systems.

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Beamsize: 60 μm x 240 μm (Main Beam, v x h) 50 x 50 to 10 x 10 μm (Microfocus)
Detector: Pilatus P3-2M(SAXS), Pilatus P3-2M-L (WAXS)
Wavelength: 0.62 - 1.77 Å
Energy: 7 - 20 keV
Scattering SAXS: Small Angle X-ray Scattering WAXS: Wide Angle X-ray Scattering USAXS: Ultra Small Angle X-ray Scattering GISAXS: Grazing Incidence SAXS Microfocus Imaging In situ High Pressure

B22 Multimode InfraRed Imaging And Microspectroscopy

MIRIAM provides a brilliant and versatile microprobe across the whole IR range, for the highest spatial resolution of molecular structures via highest sensitivity vibrational spectroscopy in Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) mode, plus TeraHertz (THz) spectroscopy.
Multidisciplinary experiments span from ex vivo/in vitro biomedical studies to in situ/operando physical-chemical researches, geology to cultural heritage.
Since 2022, a new nanoIR endstation couples an Atomic Force Microscope to the B22 beamline and uniquely measures photothermal (AFM IR) and scattering (s-SNOM) nanospectroscopy at sub-wavelenght resolution.

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Beamsize: 15µm to 3 µm by microFTIR; resolution 10 to 100 nm by nanoIR (s-SNOM & AFM IR)
Detector: MCT, FPA, DLaTGS and Bolometer
Wavelength: 1 mm - 1 µm (10,000 to 10 cm-1)
Energy: 1 meV - 1 eV
Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy Microscopy nSpectroscopy: nano Spectroscopy Microfocus Humidity Control High Pressure In situ

B21 High Throughput SAXS

B21 is a bending magnet Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) beamline primarily focused on dilute solution state systems.  

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Beamsize: <75 μm
Detector: Eiger 4M
Energy: 6 - 23 keV
SAXS: Small Angle X-ray Scattering Humidity Control Remote Access Scattering

B23 Circular Dichroism

B23 is a  life sciences, chemistry and material science beamline for investigating and observing  structural, functional and dynamic interactions in elements such as  proteins, nucleic acids, nanoparticles and chiral molecules.

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Beamsize: 0.5mm² to 2mm x 4mm
Detector: PMT
Wavelength: 125 - 650 nm
Energy: 2 - 10 eV
Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy In situ Humidity Control Imaging

labSAXS

labSAXS is an offline SAXS instrument that compliments I22 and B21 in delivering the highest quality lab SAXS data. The Instrument will also act as a testbed for Sample Environment Development for SAXS.

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Beamsize: 200 micron
Detector: Eiger 2 R 1M (SAXS), Pilatus 3 R 100K (WAXS)
Wavelength: 0.71 & 1.35 Å
Energy: 9.2, 17.4 keV
Scattering SAXS: Small Angle X-ray Scattering WAXS: Wide Angle X-ray Scattering GISAXS: Grazing Incidence SAXS Remote Access In situ

I18 Microfocus Spectroscopy

µX-ray absorption spectroscopy, µX-ray fluorescence imaging and µdiffraction using high-brightness focused X-ray beam. Other techniques available include X-ray Excited Optical Luminescence (XEOL), X-ray Fluorescence Tomography, Fluorescence ReflEXAFS, Differential Phase Contrast Imaging.

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Beamsize: 2 µm x 2.5 µm
Energy: 2.05 - 20.5 keV
XANES: X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure XAS: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy X-ray Diffraction XRF: X-ray Fluorescence In situ Microfocus Spectroscopy X-ray Powder Diffraction microXRD microXANES microXAS High Pressure EXAFS: Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Imaging

B18 Core XAS

B18 is a general purpose EXAFS beamline. The Core-EXAFS is used for an extensive range of studies and applications, including local structure and electronic state of active components, and the study of materials including fluids, crystalline and non-crystalline (amorphous phases & colloids) solids, surfaces and biomaterials.

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Beamsize: 200 µm x 250 µm
Energy: 2.05 - 35 keV
EXAFS: Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure XRF: X-ray Fluorescence X-ray Diffraction XAS: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy XANES: X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure In situ Imaging NEXAFS: Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structures Spectroscopy X-ray Powder Diffraction

I20 LOLA: Versatile X-ray Spectroscopy

I20 now covers two very distinctive modes of operation: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) on challenging samples, X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES). The beamline is equipped with a wiggler for the scanning branchline (I20-scanning). The Energy Dispersive branch has been closed.

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Beamsize: I20-Scanning: 400 µm x 300 µm
Energy: I20-Scanning: design range of 4 - 34 keV; currently operating between 4.5 -20 keV
EXAFS: Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure RIXS: Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering High Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected XAS XAS: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy In situ NEXAFS: Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structures Spectroscopy Scattering XANES: X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure XES: X-ray Emission Spectroscopy HERFD-XANES RXES: Resonant X-ray Emission Spectroscopy

VMXm

Commissioning

VMXm is a micro/nanofocus MX beamline aimed at atomic structure determination in cases where the production of significant quantities of protein material and crystals is problematic.

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Beamsize: 0.3x0.5 - 10x13 (variable size)
Detector: Pilatus3 6M (Si) and Eiger2 X 9M (CdTe)
Wavelength: 0.44 - 1.77 Å
Energy: 7.0 - 28.0 keV
Microfocus Macromolecular Crystallography XRF: X-ray Fluorescence X-ray Diffraction MAD: Multi Wavelength Anomalous Diffraction

I04-1 Fixed wavelength MX

High throughput and highly automated fixed wavelength SAD beamline for macromolecular crystallography.

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Beamsize: 60 x 50
Detector: Eiger2 XE 9M
Wavelength: 0.92Å (fixed)
Energy: 13.445 keV
X-ray Diffraction Macromolecular Crystallography Remote Access

I03 MX

High throughput and fully automated beamline for optimised MX experiments. Capable of accepting CL3 type experiments on crystals of pathogens.

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Beamsize: 90 µm x 20 µm
Detector: Eiger2 XE 16M
Wavelength: 0.50 - 2.07 Å
Energy: 6 - 25 keV
In situ Multi-axis Goniometry Humidity Control Biocontainment Macromolecular Crystallography MAD: Multi Wavelength Anomalous Diffraction Remote Access X-ray Diffraction

I23 Long-Wavelength MX

Operational in optimisation mode

A unique facility for solving the crystallographic phase problem, using the small anomalous signals from sulphur or phosphorous which are present in native protein or RNA/DNA crystals. Additionally, anomalous difference Fourier maps can be used to locate sulphur and phosphorous positions to assist model building at low resolution and/or identify lighter atoms such as chlorine, potassium and calcium.

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Wavelength: 1.1 – 5.9 Å
Energy: 2.1 – 11 keV
Multi-axis Goniometry Macromolecular Crystallography Long Wavelength MX MAD: Multi Wavelength Anomalous Diffraction X-ray Diffraction

I04 Microfocus MX

Variable focus from 5 to 100 microns, high throughput and highly automated beamline for optimised MAD and SAD experiments.

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Beamsize: 10 µm x 5 µm - 110 µm x 100 µm
Detector: Eiger2 XE 16M
Wavelength: 0.69 - 2.07 Å
Microfocus Multi-axis Goniometry Humidity Control Macromolecular Crystallography MAD: Multi Wavelength Anomalous Diffraction Remote Access X-ray Diffraction

Crystallisation Facility

The Crystallisation Facility @ Harwell is a research and training facility for the scientific community interested in solving the 3D structures of soluble or membrane proteins by X-ray crystallography.

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Integrated Facility and Lab Macromolecular Crystallography

Membrane Protein Laboratory

The Membrane Protein Lab (MPL) at Diamond is a research and training facility for scientists interested in solving the 3D structures of membrane proteins by X-ray crystallography.

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Integrated Facility and Lab Macromolecular Crystallography

I24 Microfocus MX

High throughput variable microfocus beamline for optimised MAD and SAD experiments on crystals down a few microns in size.

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Beamsize: 5x5 - 50x40 (variable aspect ratio)
Detector: Pilatus3 6M
Wavelength: 0.62Å - 1.77Å
Microfocus Spectroscopy In situ Multi-axis Goniometry Humidity Control Biocontainment Macromolecular Crystallography SSX: Serial Synchrotron X-ray Crystallography MAD: Multi Wavelength Anomalous Diffraction Remote Access X-ray Diffraction

VMXi

Operational in optimisation mode

The Versatile Macromolecular X-tallography in-situ (VMXi) beamline will be an entirely automated facility for characterisation of, and data collection directly from, crystallisation experiments in situ.

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Beamsize: 10 µm x 10 µm
Energy: 16 keV
Microfocus In situ Macromolecular Crystallography Imaging MAD: Multi Wavelength Anomalous Diffraction X-ray Diffraction

XFEL Hub

The UK is taking a leading role in the development of a new structural biology facility (SFX) at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), in Hamburg, Germany, and a complementary facility at Diamond (The UK XFEL Hub) to help develop the required expertise.

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Integrated Facility and Lab In situ Macromolecular Crystallography SFX: Serial Femtosecond Crystallography

XChem - Fragment Screening

The fragment screening facility at Diamond Light Source is based in Lab 36 and on beamline I04-1. The scope of the facility is to encompass all stages of the fragment screening experiment.

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Macromolecular Crystallography

I07 Surface and Interface Diffraction

I07 is a high-resolution X-ray diffraction beamline for investigating the structure of surfaces and interfaces under different environmental conditions, including, for example, semiconductors and biological films.

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Wavelength: 0.4 - 2.0 Å
Energy: 6 - 30 keV
X-ray Diffraction XRR: X-ray Reflectivity Spectroscopy GIXD: Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction SXRD: Surface X-ray Diffraction GISAXS: Grazing Incidence SAXS GIWAXS: Grazing Incidence WAXS SAXS: Small Angle X-ray Scattering Surface X-ray Diffraction Scattering

B07 VERSOX: Versatile Soft X-ray

B07 will be a highly versatile soft x-ray beamline for NEXAFS/XPS suitable for studies of heterogenous catalysis, pharmaceuticals & biomaterials under realistic conditions, electronic & photonic materials, atmospheric & space science on liquids/ices and heritage conservation.

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Wavelength: 24.8 - 0.44 nm
Energy: 50 - 2800 eV
XAS: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy XPS: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy NEXAFS: Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structures NAP-XPS: Near Ambient Pressure XPS Spectroscopy

I09 SISA: Surface and Interface Structural Analysis

I09 is designed to provide both soft and hard X-rays for high-resolution studies of atomic and electronic structures of surfaces and interfaces using photoelectron spectroscopy, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure, X-ray standing waves and photoelectron diffraction.

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Energy: 100 - 2100 eV; 2.1 - 20 keV
XPS: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy HAXPES: Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy NEXAFS: Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structures XSW: X-ray Standing Waves PhD: Photoelectron diffraction Spectroscopy ARPES

I05 ARPES

I05-ARPES is a facility dedicated to the study of electronic structures of solids and their surfaces by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES). The ultra-high vacuum low temperature high resolution ARPES end station is served by an intense, highly monochromatic VUV to XUV photon beam from a variable polarisation Apple II undulator.

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Wavelength: 60 - 5 nm; 2.5 nm
Energy: 18 - 240 eV
ARPES nARPES: nano ARPES Spectroscopy

K11 DIAD: Dual Imaging and Diffraction

DIAD will be the a dual beam instrument capable of imaging and diffraction at the same time at the micron scale. The beamline will enable in-situ experiments aiming to resolve the 3D microstructure (via imaging) and phase constitution/strain state of material (via diffraction) in quasi-simultaneously matter with switching times of a few Hz between analysis techniques.

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Beamsize: Imaging beam: up to 1.7x1.7mm; Diffraction beam: ~ 10 µm
Detector: PCO.edge or equivalent, Pilatus Dectris 2M CdTe
Energy: 7-38 keV
Imaging In situ X-ray Diffraction Microfocus PCI: Phase Contrast Imaging Tomography

I08 Scanning X-ray Microscopy

Scanning X-ray Microscopy with variety of imaging and spectomicroscopy modes: Transmission incl. absorption and phase-sensitive contrasts, and X-ray fluorescence.

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Beamsize: Down to 20 nm
Energy: 0.25 - 4.2 keV
XAS: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy XRF: X-ray Fluorescence Imaging Spectroscopy PCI: Phase Contrast Imaging

I14 Hard X-ray Nanoprobe

The Hard X-ray nanoprobe I14 beamline is a dedicated facility for nanoscale microscopy. The central theme of the beamline is the ability to obtain structural and chemically-specific information on a full range of materials (inorganic/organic) under both static and real (e.g. wet, heated, in-situ strain) conditions.

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Energy: 5 - 20 keV
XAS: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy XRF: X-ray Fluorescence Imaging X-ray Diffraction nXRD: nano X-ray Diffraction Ptychography Spectroscopy PCI: Phase Contrast Imaging Tomography Microscopy nSpectroscopy: nano Spectroscopy XANES: X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure

I13-1 X-ray Coherence

I13-1 is a hard X-ray beamline, operating in the 6-20keV range. The beamline specialises in high-speed, multiscale and multimodal coherent diffraction imaging and ptychography in both transmission and Bragg geometries.

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Energy: 6 - 20 keV
Imaging PCI: Phase Contrast Imaging Tomography Ptychography Bragg CDI CDI: Coherent Diffraction Imaging

I12 JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environment and Processing

I12 is a high-energy beamline principally for Material Science, Engineering and Processing Science. The instrument’s main focus is to allow in situ studies of samples in environments as close as possible to real world environments using imaging, tomography, diffraction and small-angle scattering. I12 is particularly well suited to study large or dense objects and offers a unique sample and environment installation facility for weights up to 2000 kg.

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Beamsize: From 50 micrometer x 50 micrometer to 50 mm x 15 mm (EH1) or 100 mm x 30 mm (EH2)
Energy: 53 – 150 keV
EDD: Energy Dispersive Diffraction Imaging SAXS: Small Angle X-ray Scattering X-ray Diffraction PCI: Phase Contrast Imaging Tomography X-ray Powder Diffraction Scattering High Pressure

I08-1 Soft X-ray Ptychography

Commissioning

I08-1 is the soft X-ray ptychography instrument at Diamond. The instrument is designed for ptychographic imaging, spectromicrosopy and tomography. I08-1 (J08) is currently in its commissioning/ optimisation phase and is open for proposal applications,

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Beamsize: < 30nm resolution depending on scattering properties of specimen
Energy: 0.25 – 2 keV
Ptychography Spectroscopy Imaging PCI: Phase Contrast Imaging

ePSIC

ePSIC provides scientists with state-of-the-art experimental equipment and expertise in the filed of physical sciences electron microscopy and characterisation. Currently ePSIC offers beam time on two fully operational microscopes: (E01) A probe-corrected JEM ARM200F with EELS and EDX capabilities in collaboration with Johnson Matthey, and (E02) a probe and image corrected JEM ARM300F in collaboration with University of Oxford.

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Accelerating Voltages: 30 - 300 kV
Electron Microscope EELS: Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy EDX: Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Imaging Electron Crystallography Imaging Ptychography

I13-2 X-ray Imaging

The Diamond Manchester Imaging beamline performs real space imaging and tomography in the 8-30keV energy range. Absorption contrast and in-line phase contrast imaging are both available.

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Energy: 8 - 30 keV
Imaging PCI: Phase Contrast Imaging Tomography Ptychography Bragg CDI CDI: Coherent Diffraction Imaging

eBIC

eBIC provides scientists with state-of-the-art experimental equipment and expertise in the field of cryo-electron microscopy, for both single particle analysis and cryo-tomography. Currently eBIC houses four Titan Krios microscopes, a Talos Arctica, an Aquilos cryo-FIB/SEM and a cryo-CLEM microscope.

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Accelerating Voltages: 3-30, 200 & 300 kV
Cryo-EM: Cryo Electron Microscopy Cryo-ET: Cryo Electron Tomography Imaging Electron Microscope Electron Crystallography FIBSEM: Cryo Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy Microscopy Remote Access

B24 Correlative cryo-imaging

Operational in optimisation mode

B24 is the full-field transmission microscope at Diamond designed specifically to meet the rising demand for tomographic imaging of biological specimens under near physiological conditions.

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Energy: 500 eV
Tomography Imaging Microscopy Cryo X-ray Microscopy CLEM: Correlative Light Electron Microscopy CLXM: Correlative Light X-ray Microscopy

laserPEEM

The LaserPEEM/LEEM offline facility is a multidisciplinary nanoscience imaging facility housing a second PhotoEmission Electron Microscope (PEEM) equipped for Low-Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM), micro focused-Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (μ-LEED) and Thresold PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy.

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Wavelength: 266 nm
Energy: 15-20kV
Integrated Facility and Lab PEEM: PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy

I16 Materials and Magnetism

The Materials and Magnetism beamline provides a unique, world-class single crystal X-ray diffraction facility for studying a diverse range of materials.

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Energy: 2.7 - 15 keV
Imaging Spectroscopy X-ray Diffraction WAXS: Wide Angle X-ray Scattering X-ray Single Crystal Diffraction High Pressure Scattering Bragg CDI CDI: Coherent Diffraction Imaging Ptychography GIWAXS: Grazing Incidence WAXS SXRD: Surface X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy XMLD: X-Ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism XMCD: X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism XRR: X-ray Reflectivity REXS: Resonant Elastic X-ray Scattering

I17 Coherent Soft X-ray Imaging and Diffraction

In design phase

The Coherent Soft X-ray Imaging and Diffraction (CSXID) beamline will be one of the three flagship beamlines in the Diamond-II upgrade programme, and will provide a range of high-resolution coherent imaging techniques including ptychography and holography.

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Energy: 250 – 2000 eV
CDI: Coherent Diffraction Imaging Ptychography Tomography Imaging XMCD: X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism XAS: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy XMLD: X-Ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism In situ

I06 Nanoscience

I06 is a polarised spectroscopy and microscopy beamline equipped with a PEEM, 6 T low temperature (1.5 K) superconducting magnet, 2 T vector magnet as well as soft X-ray diffraction vacuum goniometer.

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Energy: First harmonic circular: 106 - 1300 eV | Linear horizontal: 80 - 2100 eV | Linear vertical: 130 - 1500 eV
XAS: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy XMCD: X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism XMLD: X-Ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism SXD: Soft X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy PEEM: PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy Imaging

I10 BLADE: X-ray Dichroism and Scattering

I10 is a beamline for the study of electronic and magnetic structure using soft X-ray resonant scattering (reflection and diffraction) and X-ray absorption. It allows a broad range of studies focused on the spectroscopic properties and magnetic ordering of novel nanostructured systems

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Energy: 500 - 1600 eV
XAS: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy XMCD: X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism RSXS: Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering XMLD: X-Ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism SXD: Soft X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy Scattering

I21 Inelastic X-ray Scattering

I21 is a dedicated Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) beamline that provides a highly monochromatised, focused and tunable X-ray beam onto materials, while detecting and energy-analysing scattered X-rays using a spatially-resolved two-dimensional detector.

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Energy: 0.20 - 3.0 keV
XAS: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Spectroscopy XES: X-ray Emission Spectroscopy RIXS: Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Scattering