How it works
Diffraction is a phenomenon that occurs when X-ray beams interact with ordered materials, such as crystals. When X-rays encounter a crystal lattice, they scatter and undergo constructive and destructive interference, resulting in distinct diffraction patterns. These patterns serve as “molecular fingerprints” unique to each material and can be harnessed for identification and characterisation.
The angles at which diffraction peaks occur reveal valuable information about the arrangement of atoms within the material. Meanwhile, the intensity of these signals depends on the type and arrangement of atoms in the crystal structure. By analysing these patterns, researchers can gain insights into the material’s composition and behaviour.