Once the sample is loaded into the experimental chamber, the cryogenic manipulator can orient the sample in any direction based on the measurement requirements. While the photon beam focuses on the sample, photoelectrons emitted from the surface are collected by the analyser to measure their energy and emission direction.
First, the emission angle and kinetic energy of the photoelectrons are plotted. Then, the image coordinates are converted into momentum and binding energy to explore the electronic structure in reciprocal space. For electron dispersion mapping experiments, the sample is precisely rotated to select the desired direction. The electron dispersion is recorded for each sample orientation and then merged to reconstruct the full band dispersion in momentum space.